Pan-Turkism is a doctrine in states inhabited by Turkic peoples, which is based on the idea of the need for their political consolidation on the basis of ethnic, cultural and linguistic community. Formed in the second half of the 19th century, the movement began among the 
Turkic people in the Crimean peninsula, who initially sought to unite with the Turks of the 
Ottoman Empire.
History
In 1804, 
Tatar theologian 
Ghabdennasir Qursawi wrote a treatise calling for the modernization of Islam. Qursawi was a Jadid and they encouraged critical thinking, supporting education and gender equality, and advocated tolerance for other faiths, Turkic cultural unity, and openness to Europe’s cultural legacy. The Jadid movement was founded in 1843 in Kazan, Russia. Its aim was a semi-secular modernization and educational reform, with a national (but not religious) identity for the Turkic peoples.
Pan-Turkism in the 
Russian Empire can also trace its roots goes back to Terciman (meaning Translator in Crimean Tatar), a Crimean Tatar newspaper which was published in 1883 in Bağçasaray (Bakhchysarai) by the all-Turkic Russian public figure, educator and publicist Ismail Gaspirali (Gasprinski). Terciman was eventually banned by the 
Bolsheviks in 1918. The first female editor and journalist among the Turkic people in Russia was Gasprinski's wife, Zukhra Akchurina. The idea of enlightenment found a response among the Crimean, Volga-Ural, Central Asian and Azerbaijani and even Russian intelligentsia and clergy.
As an ideology, Pan-Turkism was finally formed by the end of the 19th century. Pan-Turkism became one of the elements of the 
Young Turk ideology, as a result of which the Ottoman government provided assistance to various nationalist movements in Central Asia during the civil war of 1918-1921 in 
Russia. In 1923, Turkish journalist Ziya Gökalp published the book Basic principles of Turkism, which became the last and rather significant contribution to the ideology of Pan-Turkism.
After the so-called "Kemalist revolution", the ideas of Pan-Turkism were forgotten as the official ideology of the new Turkey, since 
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk took a course towards restructuring the country in a Western style. Some revival of the Pan-Turkic ideas took place after his death in 1938.
After Turkey's accession to 
NATO, these ideas regained relevance as a means of ideological struggle against the 
USSR, with the aim of tearing the republics of Central Asia and 
Azerbaijan away from it.
The collapse of the USSR created some conditions for the restoration of the Pan-Turkic movement. Turkey was no longer the sole Turkic nation, as independent states of Azerbaijan, 
Kazakhstan, 
Kyrgyzstan, 
Turkmenistan and 
Uzbekistan all appeared in 1991.
In modern times, this idea is prevalent by some nationalist movements mainly in Turkey and Azerbaijan. Some Pan-Turkic movements and organizations are focusing on the economic integration of the sovereign Turkic states and hope to form an economic and political union similar to the 
European Union.
How to draw
TBA
Relationships
Friends
Neutral
Enemies
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